A Review of the Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of the Natural  Product Cytisine - Semantic Scholar

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Laburnum, which includes cytisine. It showed teratogenic impact in rabbits and poultry. It is a breathing stimulant, with nicotine-like activity, and a hallucinogenic. However, pharmacologically, cytisine seems a potential healing utility in helping cigarette smoking cessation. In addition, it has actually revealed analgesic, antihypertensive, inotropic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities.

The effects of hazardous dosages include weakness, lightheadedness, disability of motor coordination, muscular facial twitches, increased reflex level of sensitivity, mydriasis, shallow breathing, occasional urinary retention, and ultimately, tonic-clonic convulsions followed by collapse and coma with respiration cessation, primarily caused by paralysis of breathing muscles. 485-35-8 C11H14N2O C1C2CNCC1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2 Harborne JB, Baxter H and Moss GP (1999 ).

2nd edition, TJ International Ltd, Padstow, UK. Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, and Baudoux J (2014 ). Review: ()-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applicationserome. Chem. Rev. 114: 712778. Tutka P, Zatoski W (2006 ). Evaluation - Cytisine for the treatment of nicotine dependency: from a particle to therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacological reports 58,777-798.

Chemical structures of nicotine, cytisine, and varenicline- Download  Scientific Diagram

Synthesis and preliminary medicinal assessment of some cytisine derivatives. Farmaco, 1999, 54, 438451.

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Cytisine for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Literature Review and a Meta-analysis Etter JFArch Intern Medication. 2006; 166:1553 -1559 To examine the efficiency of an alkaloid derivative of the plant Cytisus laburnum L., or golden rain tree, referred to as cytisine (not to be puzzled with cytosine or cysteine), an evaluation of the literature and a meta-analysis were performed.

The studies, all from Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, and Russia, involved a total of 4404 smokers treated with cytisine and 3518 controls. Quit/abstinence rates, based on survey (not biochemical) assessment, ranged from 13. 8% to 70% anywhere from 15 days to 14 months following treatment with cytisine. Meta-analysis of the 3 placebo-controlled trials revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.

21-3. 06) for short-term result of 4 weeks. A separate meta-analysis of the 2 placebo-controlled trials that had long-term follow-up discovered a pooled OR of 1. 83 (95% CI, 1. 12-2. 99) for continued abstaining after 3-6 months.  nicorette inhaler  placebo-controlled study reported abstinence rates 2 years post cytisine treatment with an OR of 1.

29-2. 43). The most common kind of cytisine is a tablet consisting of 1. 5 mg of the active ingredient. Advised dose is 6 tablets each day (total of 9 mg of cytisine) for the very first 3 days with a gradual taper to 2 tablets each day by day 25 at which point the treatment is stopped.